November 14, 2006

 

Sarah Steenhausen
California Health and Human Services Agency
1600 9th Street, Suite 460
Sacramento, CA  95819

RE:  Position Statement Regarding HCBS Waivers

Dear Sarah:

Protection and Advocacy, Inc. (PAI), a non-profit advocacy agency mandated to advance the human and legal rights of persons with disabilities, has worked closely for many years with Californians with disabilities (including seniors) who wish to avoid or leave long term care institutions. Waivers are potentially an important tool for those consumers, yet the shortcomings of the current nursing facility waivers limit their usefulness. We are submitting this document as PAI’s formal input to the Waiver Stakeholder process. 

First, in light of the importance of the waivers, PAI requests that the California Health and Human Services Agency make the stakeholder process fully accessible to consumers by:

§       Holding additional stakeholder meetings in different areas of the State; and

§       Providing support to consumers to facilitate their attendance and full participation.

While the NF A/H Waiver application submitted to CMS on September 29, 2006 will make some important changes to the Nursing Facility A/B and Subacute Waivers, other fundamental changes must be made to enable a meaningful number of Californians with disabilities to leave or avoid institutional placement.  We believe that the State is obligated to make such changes to comply with the U.S Supreme Court’s Olmstead decision.

Changes critical to making the Waivers more effective include:

1.               Increase the Number of Slots:  Expand the NF A/B Waiver to reflect the number of people in California who are in nursing facilities.  Approximately 100,000 people live in nursing facilities in this State on any given day.  Many measures show that a large percentage of them would prefer to get out and live in their homes or in the community.  A Waiver with only 1,240 slots is shamefully insufficient;  the State should use real estimates of the need for Waiver slots and make many more available.

Recommendation:  PAI strongly recommends that the State use available sources of information to project the need for Waiver slots and use such information to expand the Waiver commensurate with need in the State.  The HCBS Waiver for individuals with developmental disabilities has approximately 70,000 slots for a population of 200,000 consumers.  In comparison, a NF A/B Waiver with 1240 slots for a population of at least 100,000 nursing facility residents is woefully inadequate. Expanding the Waiver by tiny increments, as is done now, rather than a comprehensive assessment of projected need is simply wrong.

Rather, the State should extrapolate from one or more of at least five sources of reliable, current data;

§       the Sonoma and Westside Independent Living Center projects;

§       the UCLA Money Follows the Person project;

§       MDS data; and

§       San Francisco’s Targeted Case Management (TCM) Program. 

These sources clearly show that the current Waiver capacity cannot meet actual need. For example, MDS data (which the UCLA project demonstrated underrepresented desire for discharge) shows that 20-25% of nursing facility residents prefer to live in the community.  In San Francisco, TCM assessments conclude that approximately 80% of Laguna Honda residents could leave if appropriate community services were provided and more than half of all residents would prefer community living. 

Moreover, the State has applied for a federal Money Follows the Person grant, which contemplates providing home and community based services to as many as 2000 people over the next five years.  The ability of the State to do so is contingent on the availability of Waiver services for these individuals. Thus, for California to make headway in meeting its Olmstead obligations it must reevaluate the ways it metes out its home and community based services and dollars.  Expanding the NF A/B Waiver to meet a realistic projection of need would be one significant step in the right direction.

2.               Realistic Cost-Caps:  Even though nursing facility rates have increased significantly in the last year, the State has not increased the cost-cap for the NF A/B Waiver.  Therefore, the NF A/B Waiver is still using a cost-cap from 2001 ($35,948), which is approximately $20,000 less than the average cost to the Medi-Cal program to keep someone in a nursing facility ($56,500).  Limiting the cost-cap for the Waiver to $35,948 shows an unfair institutional bias, created by the state rather than the federal government, which results in people staying in (or going into) nursing facilities because they simply cannot purchase sufficient community based services for that amount.

Recommendation:  PAI recommends that the State appropriate funds for the NF A/B Waiver commensurate with the cost of nursing facility placement, and that such appropriation increase annually at a rate equal to any increases in facility rates.

3.               Flexible Eligibility:  Eligibility for the current Waivers is determined by a rigid “level of care” determination.  This means that people who have specific needs that are not considered in the regulations defining each level of care (NF-A, NF-B, Subacute, etc.) are either denied Waiver services, or are placed at a lower level of care than they need to purchase a sufficient amount of services. 

Recommendation:  The Waivers need to allow for flexible eligibility determinations so that such individuals are not forced into institutions unnecessarily, or left at home with inadequate services. 

4.               Aggregate cost-cap:  Another way that the Waiver can meet the needs of people who need higher and lower cost services is by using an aggregate cost-cap.  The NF A/H Waiver will have an individual cost-cap, which means that if a particular person has care needs that cost more than the cost-cap for his or her level of care, then he or she will be denied HCBS Waiver services.  An aggregate, instead of an individual, cost-cap, would allow higher and lower cost recipients to balance each other out.

Recommendation: PAI recommends that the State apply an aggregate cost-cap to the NF/AH Waiver to enable individuals whose costs exceed the cost for their designated level of care to benefit from HCBS Waiver services, rather than remain unnecessarily in institutions.

5.               Allow for Local Administration:  Currently, the Nursing Facility A/B, Subacute, and Acute Care Waivers are administered by In-Home Operations at the Department of Health Services.  One of the reasons given for the low number of slots is that IHO’s staff is too small to administer a larger Waiver.  Some other Waivers, like the MSSP and AIDS Waivers, are administered at the local level by community organizations and/or non-profit agencies.  This allows for better contact with clients, local prioritization for slots, and program structure tailored specifically to the needs of particular communities.

Recommendation:  PAI recommends that the State allow for local administration of some or all Waiver slots to allow for better efficiency, local prioritization of slots, and tailoring of administration to meet local needs.

6.               Fix WPCS/IHSS Coordination Problems:  Since Waiver Personal Care Services were added to the Waivers in 2002, there has been a complete lack of coordination between this new attendant care Waiver service and the State Plan In-Home Supportive Services (IHSS) program. Despite the fact that funds were allocated to develop a seamless accounting system, the problems for recipients and workers have been so severe that some individuals have opted out of the Waiver altogether.  This is an unnecessary barrier which is within the State’s control to resolve immediately. 

Recommendation: PAI recommends that the State work with interested advocates and legislators to resolve this serious and unnecessary administrative barrier to seamless receipt of WPCS and IHSS.

7.               TBI Waiver:  The State of California has no Waiver specifically for people with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).  These individuals often have needs similar to people with developmental disabilities, but if their injuries occur after age 18, they are not eligible for those services.  Thus, people with TBI are often left without adequate and appropriate services, as programs for individuals with TBI are extremely limited. 

Recommendation:  The State should apply for a new HCBS Waiver to address the needs of people with TBI, as many other states have done.

8.               Improved Quality Assurance:  Consumers have expressed frustration about the level and type of oversight to the NF A/B and Subacute Waivers.  In particular, they believe that the quality assurance component of the Waivers should be centered around consumers’ satisfaction with their quality of life, their ability to hire and retain providers of their choice, and the amount of burden and stress related to coordination of their care.  This is an important component to evaluate the success of any program and to determine where changes and improvements may need to be made.

Recommendation: PAI recommends that the State develop and implement a quality assurance component to the Waivers, with the input of consumers and advocates, that is built on prior and current successful measures of life quality—both in and outside of California.  Such a system should not be limited to level of care determinations and health and safety concerns, but should also include direct input from consumers, families, and supports about the individual’s quality of life and satisfaction with his or her Waiver services.  Evaluators must also be trained specifically on self-determination and other life quality factors.

9.               Single Point of Entry:  Under the current system, individuals can easily be admitted to nursing facilities within a matter of days, but the process for getting on a Waiver may take months, or even years.  Other states have created a single point of entry system (sometimes called No Wrong Door), where people are evaluated for both Waivers and nursing facilities at the same time, and people are offered a choice.  To do this, the State would need to allow for retroactive approval of Treatment Authorization Requests (TARs) for Waiver services, just as it does for nursing facility placement.  Other states’ programs have had a lot of success in helping people avoid placement in a nursing facility by approving and providing Waiver services just as quickly as institutional placement.

Recommendation:  PAI recommends that the State implement a single point of entry system, and implement Welfare and Institutions Code section 14132.99(c), by developing a mechanism by which individuals who are referred for nursing facility placement will be informed about, and assessed for Waiver services in an expedited manner (3 days).  Individuals who are determined eligible for and desire Waiver services will have their applications processed in an expedited fashion in order to avoid unnecessary nursing facility placement.

10.           Need to Coordinate NF Waiver and other services for people with Developmental and mental health disabilities:  There is a lack of coordination between the various systems in California that serve people with physical disabilities, developmental disabilities, and psychiatric disabilities. 

Recommendation:  There needs to be better coordination among these systems so that people who have a combination of disabilities can get the services they need from multiple systems working together.

11.           Consumer-Friendly Materials and outreach:  The Waiver application, assessment, and service determination processes are very complicated and consumer-unfriendly.  Without an advocate or sophisticated family member present, many people do not understand the process or their rights in the process of applying for and receiving Waiver services.

Recommendation:  The State should create written information, both on its website and in print, that explains the process for getting on the Waiver, what services are available, how to find service providers, and consumers’ rights.  DHS should also do outreach to individuals in institutions and hospitals to make sure that they know about HCBS Waivers and have an opportunity to apply for them. All information should be available in accessible formats and in other languages widely used in California.

Thank you for consideration of these comments. We look forward to Thursday’s meeting and to further collaboration in this important effort.

Sincerely,

 

Elissa Gershon
Staff Attorney

 

 

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